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China, Russia, Mongolia step up security ties with border exercise

Published by Global Banking & Finance Review

Posted on September 9, 2025

2 min read

· Last updated: January 22, 2026

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BEIJING (Reuters) -China, Russia and Mongolia held their first joint border defence drills this week, the Chinese military said on Tuesday, underscoring closer security coordination among the three

China, Russia, and Mongolia Enhance Security Cooperation with Joint Drills

Joint Border Defence Exercises

BEIJING (Reuters) -China, Russia and Mongolia held their first joint border defence drills this week, the Chinese military said on Tuesday, underscoring closer security coordination among the three neighbours.

Objectives of the Drills

The exercise, called "Border Defence Cooperation - 2025", took place on Monday and Tuesday in an unidentified border region shared by the three countries, the People's Liberation Army said in a post on its official Weibo account.

Background and Context

The live drills aimed to "enhance strategic cooperation among the three sides, strengthen the ability to deal with border security threats, and further consolidate strategic mutual trust," the military said.

Mongolia's Role in Security Alliances

During the exercises, a joint command post was set up on Chinese territory operating under the principle of "whoever's territory, that side takes the lead, with multilateral consultation and parallel command," the Weibo post said.

The manoeuvres came on the heels of a trilateral meeting among leaders of the three countries in Beijing on September 2, a day after Chinese President Xi Jinping hosted more than 20 leaders of non-Western countries for the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) summit as he pushed for a new global security and economic order.

Mongolia has refrained from joining the SCO, choosing to be an observer state since 2004 even as other nations such as India, Pakistan and Iran became full-fledged members.

Beijing has continued to nudge its smaller neighbour to take up membership in the grouping of 10 nations.

(Reporting by Ethan Wang and Ryan Woo; Editing by Jamie Freed)

Key Takeaways

  • China, Russia, and Mongolia held joint border defence drills.
  • The exercises aimed to enhance strategic cooperation.
  • A joint command post was established on Chinese territory.
  • Mongolia remains an observer in the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation.
  • The drills followed a trilateral meeting in Beijing.

Frequently Asked Questions

What was the purpose of the joint border defense drills?
The live drills aimed to enhance strategic cooperation among the three sides, strengthen the ability to deal with border security threats, and further consolidate strategic mutual trust.
When did the border defense exercises take place?
The exercises, called 'Border Defence Cooperation - 2025', took place on Monday and Tuesday in an unidentified border region shared by China, Russia, and Mongolia.
What principle guided the joint command post during the exercises?
The joint command post operated under the principle of 'whoever's territory, that side takes the lead, with multilateral consultation and parallel execution'.
How has Mongolia participated in regional security organizations?
Mongolia has refrained from joining the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), choosing to be an observer state since 2004, even as other nations became full members.
What recent meeting preceded the joint exercises?
The manoeuvres came on the heels of a trilateral meeting among leaders of the three countries in Beijing on September 2, following a summit hosted by Chinese President Xi Jinping.

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