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Global 3C warming would hurt UK economy much more than previously predicted, OBR says

Published by Global Banking & Finance Review

Posted on July 8, 2025

2 min read

· Last updated: January 23, 2026

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Global 3C warming would hurt UK economy much more than previously predicted, OBR says
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MANCHESTER, England (Reuters) -A rise in global temperatures to almost 3 degrees Celsius (5.4 degrees Fahrenheit) above pre-industrial levels would likely hurt Britain's economy by much more than

UK Economy Faces Greater Risks from 3C Global Warming, OBR Warns

MANCHESTER, England (Reuters) -A rise in global temperatures to almost 3 degrees Celsius (5.4 degrees Fahrenheit) above pre-industrial levels would likely hurt Britain's economy by much more than previously assumed, the Office for Budget Responsibility projected on Tuesday.

"Taken together, in the 3 degrees central scenario the combined fiscal impacts of climate damage and mitigation could add 74% of GDP to government debt by the early 2070s, relative to our latest long-term projection," the OBR said in its annual Fiscal Risks and Sustainability Report.

A United Nations report published in October last year said current climate policies would result in global warming of more than 3 degrees Celsius by the end of the century.

While the OBR reduced its estimate for the cost of transitioning to a net zero economy to 21% of economic output, from 30% in 2021, it bumped up its estimates of the hit to output from climate change.

The scenario of an almost 3 degrees increase in global temperatures would reduce the level of GDP by 8% in the early 2070s, the OBR said, compared with a previous estimate of 5%.

It would also increase primary government borrowing - which excludes debt interest payments - by around 2% of GDP, compared with a previous estimate of 1.3%.

(Reporting by Andy Bruce; Editing by William Schomberg and Susan Fenton)

Key Takeaways

  • 3C global warming could severely impact the UK economy.
  • OBR projects a 74% GDP increase in government debt by 2070s.
  • Climate change could reduce UK GDP by 8% in the early 2070s.
  • Primary government borrowing may rise by 2% of GDP.
  • UN reports current policies could lead to over 3C warming.

Frequently Asked Questions

What does the OBR predict about the UK's GDP with 3C warming?
The OBR estimates that an increase of almost 3 degrees Celsius would reduce the level of GDP by 8% in the early 2070s, compared to a previous estimate of 5%.
How much could government debt increase due to climate impacts?
The combined fiscal impacts of climate damage and mitigation could add 74% of GDP to government debt by the early 2070s.
What are the updated estimates for transitioning to a net zero economy?
The OBR has reduced its estimate for the cost of transitioning to a net zero economy to 21% of economic output, down from 30% in 2021.
What is the expected increase in government borrowing?
The scenario of an almost 3 degrees increase in global temperatures would increase primary government borrowing by around 2% of GDP, compared to a previous estimate of 1.3%.
What did the UN report say about current climate policies?
A United Nations report published in October last year indicated that current climate policies would lead to global warming of more than 3 degrees Celsius by the end of the century.

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